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Organization Behavior (abbreviated as OB) studies the influence that individual, groups, and organizational structure have n behavior within organizations.

Evidence Based Management (EBM) involves basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.

Contributing Disciples to the OB Field

Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Social Psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology, through it is generally considered a branch of psychology.

Sociology is the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture.

Anthropology is the study of societies for the purpose of learning about human beings and their activities.

Few Absolutes in OB

Few, if any, simple and universal principles explain OB. Humans beings are complex and and diverse, limiting our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations.

Because of this, OB concepts must reflect situational, or contingency situations. We can say that x leads to y, but only under specified condition z — the contingency variable.

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

  1. Responding to Globalization – As the world becomes a global village, the manager’s job is challenging.
  2. Increasing Foreign Assignments – If you are a manager you may likely find yourself transferred to another country.
  3. Working with People from Different Cultures – You have to learn how to adapt your management style to your workers.
  4. Overseeing Movement of Jobs to Countries with Low-Cost Labor -  It is increasingly difficult to compete with firms operating in countries with low-cost labor.

Workforce Diversity means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of  gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

Major Workforce Diversity Categories

  1. Gender
  2. Race
  3. National Origin
  4. Age
  5. Disability
  6. Sexual Orientation
  7. Religion

A real growth area in OB research has been positive organizational scholarship, which concerns how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential.

 

The Japanese language has three systems of writing, hiragana, katakana, and kanji. These writing systems are used together in Japan so it is important that you learn all three. Hiragana and Katakana can be learned fairly quickly; however, learning all of the essential kanjis is a process which takes many years.

So, lets begin learning Japanese. Your first task will be to learn the system of writing which is first taught to children in Japan, hiragana. Hiragana consists of 46 symbols and are very round and swishy.Hiragana are used when spelling word of Japanese origin such as “wakarimasen” and “nomimasu”.

Day 1

Today you will want to start learning the vowels and the K’s.

This Site is great for learning all of your kana.

I would suggest you adjust the hiragana section to only show the vowels and the K’s for now.

Also go to the katakana section and make sure all of the are unchecked.

Finally, under the options tab you can adjust the fonts used to display the kana.

Flash card the vowels and K’s in half and hour session until you learn them. Be sure to take breaks.

As extra enrichment, you can also write the kana as you see them, make sure to say the name of the kana as you write it.

Finally, write these words five times each using the kana that you learned.

あかい – Red

あおい – Blue

いけ – Pond

おか -Hill

こうこう – High School

Day 2

By now you should be somewhat familiar with the vowels and K’s. So lets start learning the next two rows. Using the same site as yesterday.

First make sure that all of the katakana are unchecked.

Then go to the Hiragana section and uncheck the vowels and the K’s and check the S’s and the T’s.

Follow the same instructions as yesterday and flash card these kana while writing them.

Then change the hiragana options to include all of yesterdays hiragana. So you should have vowels, K’s, S’s, and T’s all checked.

Some time later, make sure to write these japanese words five times each.

さけ – Alcohol

おとうと – Younger Brother

おとうさん – Father

とけい – Watch(the one that goes on your wrist)

かさ – Umbrella

そうき – Remembering

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) The negative relationship between unemployment and inflation is known as the

A) aggregate supply curve.
B) aggregate demand curve.
C) efficiency wage line.
D) Phillips curve.

2) Friedman and Phelps suggested that there should not be a stable relationship between inflation and unemployment, but there should be a stable relationship between

A) anticipated inflation and frictional unemployment.
B) unanticipated inflation and frictional unemployment.
C) anticipated inflation and cyclical unemployment.
D) unanticipated inflation and cyclical unemployment.

3) In the extended classical model, an unanticipated increase in the money supply would cause
output to ________ and the price level to ________ in the short run.

A) decrease; decrease
B) decrease; remain unchanged
C) remain unchanged; increase
D) increase; increase

4) In the extended classical model, an unexpected decrease in aggregate demand would cause 4)
unanticipated inflation to be ________ and cyclical unemployment to be ________.

A) negative; negative
B) positive; negative
C) positive; positive
D) negative; positive

5) In the expectations-augmented Phillips curve, “Inflation = Expected Inflation – 3(unemployment – Full output unemployment). If Inflation= 0.03 when Expected Inflation = 0.06 and Unemployment =0.06, then Full Output Unemployment = _______

A) 0.05.
B) 0.04.
C) 0.02.
D) 0.03.

6) The Phillips curve is the relation between inflation and unemployment that holds for a given 6)
natural rate of unemployment and a

A) given level of unemployment.
B) given rate of inflation.
C) given expected level of unemployment.
D) given expected rate of inflation.

7) Suppose most people had anticipated that inflation would be 3% in the coming year because the
Fed would increase the money supply by 3%. Instead, the Fed increases the money supply by 5%.
In the short run, this would cause actual output to be ________ full-employment output and prices
to increase by ________ 3%.

A) above; less than
B) below; more than
C) above; more than
D) below; less than

8} An increase in the expected rate of inflation would

A) shift the long-run Phillips curve to the right.
B) shift the Phillips curve downward.
C) shift the Phillips curve upward.
D) shift the long-run Phillips curve to the left.

9) If the expected inflation rate is unchanged, a fall in the natural rate of unemployment would

A) not shift the Phillips curve.
B) shift the Phillips curve to the left and shift the long-run Phillips curve to the right.
C) shift the Phillips curve to the right.
D) shift the Phillips curve to the left.

10) A beneficial supply shock would cause

A) a movement up the short-run Phillips curve.
B) the short-run Phillips curve to shift upward and to the right.
C) a movement down the short-run Phillips curve.
D) the short-run Phillips curve to shift downward and to the left.

11) When the economy goes into a recession, there’s an increase in

A) frictional unemployment.
B) structural unemployment.
C) voluntary unemployment.
D) cyclical unemployment.

12) One cost of a perfectly anticipated inflation is that it

A) transfers wealth from lenders to borrowers.
B) damages the role of prices as signals in the economy.
C) increases menu costs.
D) transfers wealth from borrowers to lenders.

13) When actual inflation is greater than expected inflation

A) cyclical unemployment falls, according to Phillips-curve analysis.
B) unemployment falls, according to Phillips-curve analysis.
C) there are transfers from lenders to borrowers.
D) there are transfers from borrowers to lenders.

14) The main determinant of how quickly expected inflation adjusts to changes in monetary policy is

A) the slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve.
B) the slope of the Phillips curve.
C) the credibility of the central bank.
D) the degree of indexation in the economy.

15) Phillips’s research looked at British data on

A) unemployment and inflation.
B) inflation and nominal wage growth.
C) unemployment and nominal wage growth.
D) unemployment and output.

16) Classicals argue that an adverse supply shock would

A) raise both the natural rate of unemployment and the actual rate of unemployment.
B) raise neither the natural rate of unemployment nor the actual rate of unemployment.
C) raise the actual rate of unemployment, but not the natural rate of unemployment.
D) raise the natural rate of unemployment, but not the actual rate of unemployment.

17) Examining data on cyclical unemployment plotted against unanticipated inflation shows

A) a negative relationship.
B) no significant relationship.
C) a relationship only during the 1960s.
D) a positive relationship.

18) The long-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical.
B) downward sloping.
C) horizontal.
D) upward sloping.

19) The fact that the long-run Phillips curve is vertical implies that

A) monetary policy can’t affect unemployment.
B) there is a natural rate of inflation.
C) money is neutral in the long run.
D) money can’t affect inflation in the long run.

Answers (One might be wrong. If you find it speak up.)

  1. D
  2. D
  3. D
  4. D
  5. A
  6. D
  7. C
  8. C
  9. D
  10. D
  11. D
  12. C
  13. A
  14. C
  15. A
  16. ???
  17. A
  18. A
  19. C
 

Visitors from automatic traffic exchanges are bad for your website. Here is why:

  • The visitors are of VERY low quality.
  • The visitors will not return to your site.
  • The visitors will not recommend your site to others.
  • The visitors are not really interested in your content.
  • You place your computer at risk by surfing random sites.
  • Most advertisers will ban you if they detect auto-surf traffic.

Instead of depending on Autosurf traffic, try getting search engine traffic by…

  • Add more quality content to your site. (Stuff that people want to read about.)
  • Optimizing your site to target specific keyword phrases. (Use them a lot without being noticed.)
  • Submit your site to all major search engines. (Google, Yahoo, Bing!)
  • Update your site regularly so that people keep coming back for more. (Search engines will check your site more often too!)

Search engine traffic is good because…

  • Visitors searched for something related to your site.
  • Visitors will be interested in your content
  • Search engine traffic has a high conversion rate.
  • Search engine traffic leads to a steady stream of passive traffic.
 

So a while ago I decided that I wanted to buy a mouse for my laptop because using the touch pad to play games was really difficult. There are many different laptop mouses on the market including wired, wireless, and bluetooth mice. I finally decided that I wanted a mouse without a wire so that left me with choosing between wireless or bluetooth. Sadly information on the differences between the two is really lacking and so I wanted to write this article to explain some of the key differences.

Bluetooth Mouse

CONS:

From what I manage to gather a bluetooth mouse is about as reliable as a wireless mouse but has a much shorter range of about 6-10ft.

On most laptops using bluetooth can reduce battery life by anywhere from 3-5%. This equates to about 20 minutes less  battery life on a battery that lasts about 4 hours. This is because emitting the bluetooth signal consumes the laptop’s power.

The battery life of a bluetooth mouse is about three months with normal use. Most bluetooth mice use two AA batteries.

PROS:

Bluetooth mice connect to the laptop directly and do not require a reciever.

Bluetooth mice do not occupy a USB port.

Up to six bluetooth items can be connected to one laptop.  This means you can have a bluetooth keyboard and mouse without taking up any USB ports.

Wireless Mouse

CONS:

Needs a receiver. These can be very small “nano” receivers however they do stick out about a half a centimeter or so. Other larger receivers can be very awkward and stick out about 2-5cm or more. Make sure you check the size of the receiver before buying a wireless mouse.

Losing the USB receiver can turn you mouse into a paper weight while you wait for a new one from the manufacturer.

Takes up one of the USB ports on your laptop.

The receiver may have to be disconnected after each use. Some of the “nano” receivers are small enough that they can be left in all the time though.

PROS:

Wireless mice draw very little power from your laptop. I can barely notice it on mine. Maybe a 1-2% reduction in battery life if that.

Wireless mice have a much longer range than bluetooth mice. A wireless mouse can reach about 20-30ft. Though I don’t know why you would need that much range.

Wireless mice use AA batteries and the last much longer than bluetooth mice. I’ve seen advertised battery lives ranging from 12-15 months.

Conclusion

I personally bought a wireless mouse for my laptop. I bought the Logitech M505. I like not having to change the batteries more than once a year; although, taking care of the receiver takes some getting used to. The M505 has a little compartment for the nano receiver inside the mouse itself which I really liked. I’ll write a through review for the Logitech M505 after I spend some quality time with it.

 

1. Be social. Don’t try to do things on your own. Ask your classmates and friends if they know where you can find work. Often times they will be able to point you towards an employer who is hiring. If you know a friend that works somewhere you are interested in ask your friend if he or she can help you get a job there too.

2. Apply online to large companies like Walmart, McDonalds, Starbucks, and Toys R’ Us. These applications are easy and can be done in rapid succession. Applying everywhere is key.

3. When you are visiting a future work place in person make sure you look presentable. At the very least remove all piercings, wear a belt, and wear close toed shoes.

4. Once your done applying to these stores online go visit them in person and introduce yourself to the manager. This shows the manager that you are willing to do more for the job than people who apply online only. This is a huge advantage you will have over those who only apply online.

5. For stores that you cannot apply to online (Gamestop, Barnes and Noble, Office Depot, Dine-in restaurants, most movie theaters, ect.) walk in and tell the manager that you would like to work there. The manager will print you an application and ask that you fill it out or tell you that there are no positions open. If the manager says that there are no positions open ask for an application “just in case” something becomes available. These applications you can save for last because your chances of getting hired are less.

6. Take small breaks every now and then. Don’t let yourself get worn out from all the applications your going to be filling. Applications start blurring together after a while but they all need to be filled out carefully and correctly.

7. Don’t give up. After filling out bunches of applications and not getting hired, it is easy to simply give up and stop looking. That may be easiest in the short run, but you’ll probably regret not having the extra money later. Keep looking!

 

So you forgot someone’s birthday, and now he or she is really torn up about it. It happens, human memory isn’t perfect. That being said, you messed up…bad. Especially if you’ve known him or her for a long time or are in a relationship with this person.

First of all, DON’T PANIC. All is not lost! Focus on fixing your mistake quickly and you’ll be okay.

These things happen to the best of us and can make us feel very bad. If you’ve forgotten someones birthday, follow this guide and you can redeem yourself.

Belated Card and Gift:

  1. Hand write a letter apologizing for missing their birthday. Make sure you emphasize how important they are to you and how bad you feel about missing their most special day of the year.
  2. Buy a thoughtful gift for them, something that you know they will enjoy and treasure. Make sure to wrap it up or put it in a gift bag. Maybe include a little extra gift card or something as an extra apology. If you friend is good humored you can call it interest on the Belated Birthday.
  3. Buy a Belated Birthday apology card and carefully place the folded hand written letter inside of it. Sign the inside of the card.
  4. Give them the card and gift. Make sure you apologize in person for missing their birthday. Something along the lines of  (Use the paragraph below as a guide, try to make it a bit more personal. Include their name and specific things that they do for you that deserve appreciation. Check out WikiHow for tips on delivering the apology.)

Your a very important person to me, and I shouldn’t have missed your birthday. You do all sorts of things that really make my life so much better. I’m really sorry, and I hope you can forgive me for doing such a horrible thing. I feel terrible, but I know I made you feel worse. So even though it’s a little late, I wanted to buy you this gift, I hope you like it.

It sounds really pathetic, but that’s how it is when you mess up in life. All you can really do is say sorry in the most sincere way possible. Chances are that they will forgive you if you apologize and really mean it. Good Luck!

 

So I’m currently playing Eve Online, and I found that one of the most difficult things for new players to do is come to terms with the freedom they are given. Eve Online is a free roam space MMORPG with extra freedom.I wanted to write a guide to help new players get themselves well established in the world of Eve Online.

Creating your Character:

Character creation is mostly about choosing your race. The various races of Eve are now mostly cosmetic. Characters start with very few skills and can be easily crossed trained to fly another races ships. There is no where your character cannot go with enough time. Below is a short description of each race and their strengths. Remember, any race can use any ship they want.

Amarr: Use ships with thick armor and laser turrets. Laser turrets do not consume ammo but instead use a focusing crystal and capacitor to fire. Laser turrets have the unique tachyon turrets which drain your ships capacitor but are extremely powerful and far reaching.  Most Amarr ships have bonuses which improve the capacitor efficiency of laser turrets.

Caldari: Use ships with advanced shields, missiles, and hybrid weapons. Missiles are the weapon of choice for most Caldari pilots because of their usefulness in PvE missions.  Missiles always hit their targets and have a very long reach. Missile damage is based on the target ships size and speed which helps to balance out their perfect accuracy. Missiles tend to be less useful in PvP due to their sometimes long travel times. Missiles consume ammo but do not use any of your ships capacitor. Some Caldari ships also sport range bonuses for hybrid turrets like blasters and railguns. Hybrid turrets use both ammo and capacitor however their capacitor use is much more moderate than laser turrets. Pay attention to the bonuses granted by Caldari ships to figure out whether the ship was meant for missiles, hybrids, or both.

Gallente: Ships are focused on using strong armor, drones, and hybrid turrets. Drones have the advantage of being very accurate and are useful against smaller ships that your large guns cannot hit. Most Gallente ships include strong bonuses to drones, and have a much larger drone cargo than other races’ ships. Gallente ships tend to have damage or tracking bonuses for their hybrid weapons which makes them strong opponents in a close range fight.

Minmatar: Ships are versatile and can use either shields or armor to soak up damage. Their ships use projectile weapons and missiles which can be a powerful combination in the hands of a skilled pilot. Minmatar ships are very skill intensive due to having to train multiple weapon skills. Their ships tend to be faster than most of the other races’ ships. Projectile weapons consume ammo but use no capacitor. As a Minmatar pilot it is very important that you focus on either shield or armor tanking when fitting your ship. The versatility of Minmatar ship is a double edged sword because the lack of focus on any one particular weapon or defensive system can sometime be a hassle.

Choosing your career:

The career paths for your character include combat, mining, trading, and manufacturing. I won’t be covering the last two because I’m really bad at them, and I don’t want to misinform you.

Combat is all about blowing other ships up and keeping your ship from being blown up in the process. The PvE aspect of combat involves running missions for NPC agents scattered across the Eve Online Galaxy. Skills you want to train are race specific ship skills like “Minmatar Frigate” or “Amarr Cruiser”. It would also be a good idea to train up race specific gunning skills.

  • Amarr = Lasers
  • Minmatar = Projectiles + Missiles
  • Caldari = Mostly Missiles
  • Gallente = Hybrids + Drones

Finally it would also be a good idea to train up your races preferred defensive systems.

  • Caldari = Shield
  • Minmatar = Mostly Shield
  • Gallente = Armor
  • Amarr = Armor

Mining is one of the most boring/relaxing careers in Eve. The basic solo strategy is very simple:

  1. Pull up to an asteroid.
  2. Laser it with your mining laser.
  3. Fill your cargo with ore.
  4. Warp back to the Station and refine it.

Every race has a mining frigate which has bonuses to cargo and mining laser output. If you want to mine I suggest you fly one of these to start with. Essential skills for a miner include “Mining” and “Refining”. Miners should also learn some defensive skills in order to keep themselves alive in case of a pirate attack.

Some Final Warnings:

  1. Stay out of space that is rated 0.4 or lower until you know what you are doing. This is PvP territory and chances are you WILL get blown to bits.
  2. Play through the tutorial, it really helps.
  3. You start in a newbie corporation, the people in your Corp chat know that. Most of them are willing to answer your questions if you ask politely.
  4. Eve Online is a very clicky game, a lot of important functions are done solely with the mouse.
  5. Make sure your having a good time above all else.

Eve online is such an expansive game I can’t even begin to cover everything in just one article.It seems like a lot, but I’ve only given you an idea of what there is to do in Eve Online. I haven’t even talked about PvP, null sec space, manufacturing, exploration, wormholes, or trading. Hopefully, you’ve gotten an idea about where to start and what to do.

If you need even more guidance, feel free to post in the new players section of the Eve Online Forums.

 

Demand-Pull inflation is caused when people have too much money to spend on a scarce amount of goods.

For example, if the government were to increase the minimum wage to 15 dollars and  hour then everyone would have more money. But more money does not mean that there are more goods or resources to produce those goods with. In order to keep things balanced the prices of goods will increase until the buying power of the new minimum wage($15/hr)  is about equal to the buying power of the old minimum wage($7.25/hr). Increasing the minimum wage would have many other effects as well but for the sake of the example its better to focus solely on inflation.

Cost-Push inflation is caused when rising costs drive up the prices of scarce goods.

For Example, if the cost of electricity increased, then the cost of producing everything increases as well. Increased production costs results in companies producing an inadequate amount of goods at the current price level. So, in order to restore production to normal levels, the price of the goods increases and production goes back up.

Looking at this another ways, lets assume that a company produces 100 widgets at at price level of 100. Suddenly the cost of producing widgets doubles and the profit margin for widgets takes a dive.  Now the company is only will to produce 25 widgets at a price level of 100; however, everyone loves widgets and so the price level increases to 150 and the production of widgets increases to 80.

 

Every economic system must answer these five questions effectively or the system itself is ineffective.

1. What goods does the economy produce?

For capitalism the answer is simply “Whatever the people are willing to buy.” Since capitalism is driven solely by self interest anything that can be produced at a profit will be produced. In order for something to be produced demand for that product must be sufficient to support the production of the product. So if demand for a specific product drops, production of that product will also drop and vice versa.

2.How does the economy produce the chosen goods?

For capitalism the answer is “In the most cost effective way.” Regardless of any ethical or moral questions capitalism will seek out the absolute cheapest and most effective way to produce a product. Once again, self interest is the driving force as business owners seek to cut costs in order to increase profits.

3. Who gets the goods that are produced by the economy?

In a capitalism the answer would be “Whoever wants the good AND can afford to buy it.” If you want the good that has been produced that is fine and dandy, but if you can’t afford it your not going to buy it.

4. How does the economic system accommodate change?

The world changes. Peoples tastes change, technology advances, and the scarcity of resources changes. An economic system has to be flexible enough to adapt to changes in the economic environment. In capitalism this flexibility is attained through self interested companies ,investors , and entrepreneurs. Money in a capitalistic society flows freely to where ever a profit can be made.

5. How does the economic system promote progress?

Progress of course refers to economic growth and standards of living. People want more money and a better lifestyle. People want to be living in better conditions ten years from now as the result of societies advancements. In a capitalist system this advancement is done by self interested researchers, inventors, and politicians.  For example, the researcher that discovers the cure to AIDS will most likely become rich, famous, and respected. Likewise, a researcher that discovers how to cut the costs of a company by ten percent using a new method will also gain wealth and respect.

Please note that some books refer to capitalism as “The Market System” or “Market System”  the terms are interchangeable.

© 2011 The Box Pie Suffusion theme by Sayontan Sinha